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Mortgage Rate Buydowns Explained: 2-1, 1-0, and Permanent

3 min read
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Bill McCoy

|Licensed Mortgage Broker

CA DRE #01212512 | 15+ years experience

A rate buydown temporarily reduces your interest rate for the first 1-3 years of the loan. They're back in 2026 as sellers offer incentives to move properties.

I'm Bill McCoy (CA DRE #01212512). I structure buydowns regularly. Here's how they work and when they make sense.

How a Buydown Works

Example: 2-1 Buydown on a 6.5% rate

  • Year 1: 4.5% (2% below actual)
  • Year 2: 5.5% (1% below actual)
  • Year 3-30: 6.5% (actual rate)

Your payment is lower at the start, then gradually increases.

Types of Buydowns

2-1 Buydown (most common): Year 1 is 2% below note rate, Year 2 is 1% below, Years 3-30 are full rate.

1-0 Buydown: Year 1 is 1% below note rate, Years 2-30 are full rate.

Permanent Buydown (discount points): Pay upfront to permanently lower your rate. Roughly 1 point (1% of loan amount) = 0.25% rate reduction.

What Does a Buydown Cost?

2-1 Buydown on a $500,000 loan at 6.5%:

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  • Payment at 6.5%: $3,160/month
  • Payment at 4.5% (year 1): $2,533/month — saves $627/month ($7,524/year)
  • Payment at 5.5% (year 2): $2,839/month — saves $321/month ($3,852/year)
  • Total savings: ~$11,376

That full amount is pre-funded at closing.

Who Pays?

Seller-paid (most common in slow markets). Seller credits ~$11K at closing to fund the buydown. Sellers prefer this to dropping the price because it doesn't lower comps or appraisal values.

Buyer-paid. You fund it yourself — makes sense if you expect income to rise in 1-2 years and want lower payments now.

Builder-paid. New construction builders frequently offer buydowns to move inventory. Typical pitch: "6.5% rate OR 4.5% with builder-paid 2-1 buydown."

When Buydowns Make Sense

  • Seller-paid in a buyer's market — free money, take it
  • Your income will increase soon — new job, spouse returning to work
  • You're stretching to afford the payment — lower payments in years 1-2 ease you into ownership
  • You plan to refinance within 2 years — if rates drop, you'll refi before year 3 anyway

When They Don't

  • You can easily afford the full payment already
  • You're planning to sell within 2-3 years
  • A price reduction would serve you better — run the numbers both ways

Temporary vs. Permanent

Feature Temporary (2-1) Permanent (Points)
Rate reduction Years 1-2 Life of loan
Payment Increases over time Fixed
Best for Short-term relief Long-term savings

Permanent buydown break-even example: $500,000 loan, 6.5% to 6.0% costs 2 points ($10,000). Monthly savings: $150. Break-even: 67 months (5.5 years). Pay points if you'll stay 7+ years. Skip them if you might sell or refi within 5.

Stacking Buydowns with Seller Concessions

Max seller concessions: Conventional 3-9% (depends on down payment), FHA 6%, VA 4%.

You can stack: 2-1 buydown ($11K) + closing cost credit ($8K) + prepaid taxes/insurance ($3K) = $22K total seller credit (within program limits).

Quick Answers

You qualify at the actual rate (6.5%), not the subsidized rate. If you refinance in year 1, you lose the remaining benefit — it's non-refundable. Buydowns work on conventional, FHA, VA, and jumbo loans. You can negotiate a buydown after you're under contract through an addendum.

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Better Offers Inc | CA DRE #01212512

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Bill McCoy

|Licensed Mortgage Broker

CA DRE #01212512 | 15+ years experience

Bill McCoy is a California-licensed mortgage broker with over 15 years of experience helping homebuyers and real estate investors secure financing. Specializing in conventional loans, DSCR investor loans, and creative financing solutions for California properties.

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